SAZONALIDADE NAS NOTIFICAÇÕES SOBRE OS CASOS DE DENGUE NO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS: UMA NOVA PERSPECTIVA POR MEIO DO ESTUDO ECOLÓGICO

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.378122507046

• Palavras-chave: Dengue; Aedes aegypti; Sazonalidade; Brasil; Amazonas.

• Keywords: Dengue; Aedes aegypti; Seasonality; Brazil; Amazonas.

• Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dengue fever is an acute febrile infectious disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and can range from asymptomatic to severe symptoms with risk of shock and death. Considering the North region specifically the state of Amazonas it is important to study the relationship between seasonality in the notifications of cases of the disease. OBJECTIVE: Analyze seasonality in notifications of dengue cases in the state of Amazonas. METHOD: The study used data from the Epidemiological Bulletin Monitoring urban arboviruses – epidemiological weeks 1 to 35 of 2023 from the Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health, database from the Department of information and IT of the Unified Health System (DataSUS), emphasizing SINAN and SIM, National Institute of Meteorology (INM ET), administered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It adopted a transversal ecological methodological approach with regional coverage highlighting the North of Brazil, the state of Amazonas and four of its main municipalities in the perior from January 2023 to February 2024. It analyzed information such as gender, race/color, education, number of cases reported per month in Amazonas and monthly averages of temperature, precipitation, number of cases reported per month and data on the sewage servisse provided by the collective network in the four cities. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the period analyzed, Brazil recorded 1,530,940 probable cases of dengue, with the North and Northeast regions being the least affected. However, in the North region, especially in the state of Amazonas, the majority of cases are registered among men, of mixed race/color and with completed secondary education. This indicates that the mosquito has no preference for sex, race or education. As the focus of this study is the state of Amazonas, especially the cities of Manaus, Humaitá, Manicoré and Itacoatiara, it is observed that, from November to May, there is a significant increase in reported cases, coinciding with the Amazonian winter. This is associated with high temperatures, increased humidity, greater precipitation and increase in flooded locations. Furthermore, the climatic characteristics of El Niño contribute to the proliferation of Aedes aegypti and the increase in cases. Thus, the seasonality of notifications highlights a serious public health problem in the region. CONCLUSION: It is essential to increase monitoring of climate fluctuations and variations to effectively predict and respond to dengue epidemics. Control and prevention strategies must consider not only epidemiological factors, but also climatic conditions, as these affect virus replication rates. An integrated approach is essential to mitigate the impacts of dengue, protecting public health and reducing the social and economic costs related to epidemics.