Impacto da cirurgia bariátrica na microbiota gastrointestinal e no metabolismo: uma revisão de literatura

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.35425230413

• Palavras-chave: Cirurgia Bariátrica, Microbiota Gastrointestinal, Metabolismo, Obesidade

• Keywords: Bariatric Surgery, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Metabolism, Obesity.

• Abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to review and discuss the main impacts of bariatric surgery on the gastrointestinal microbiota and its implications for metabolism, deepening the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and suggesting future possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Methods: The research was conducted through an integrative literature review, searching databases such as PubMed and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). Original articles published between 2022 and 2025 in Portuguese or English were included, while duplicate articles or those not directly related to the topic were excluded. The search descriptors were "Bariatric Surgery", "Gastrointestinal Microbiome", and "Metabolism", combined with the boolean operator "and". Results: The reviewed studies demonstrated that bariatric surgery significantly alters the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota, highlighting a relative reduction in Firmicutes and notable changes such as increased Proteobacteria. These microbial shifts were related to improvements in insulin resistance, glycemic control, and systemic inflammation. Moreover, preoperative microbiota composition showed potential as a prognostic marker for clinical outcomes after surgery. However, potential adverse effects such as increased intestinal permeability and negative impacts on bone metabolism were also observed. Final Considerations: The review reinforces the role of gastrointestinal microbiota as a critical mediator of the metabolic benefits following bariatric surgery, suggesting future therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating microbiota to optimize clinical and metabolic outcomes.