CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES EM ACESSOS DE CASTANHEIRA-DO-BRASIL
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES EM ACESSOS DE CASTANHEIRA-DO-BRASIL
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.7692406064
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Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa, descritores, diversidade, morfológico.
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Keywords: Bertholletia excelsa, descriptors, diversity, morphological.
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Abstract: The Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpth.) is a tree species from the botanical family Lecythidaceae, native to the Amazon rainforest and the only species in the genus Bertholletia. It is widely distributed in dryland forests in the Amazon Basin. Native to the Guyanas, Bolivia, Venezuela and Brazil. It has multiple uses, that is, it can be managed for both fruit and wood production. Despite research efforts on the species, a large portion of the world's production of Brazil nut kernels comes from extraction in native areas. The research and development projects carried out with the Brazil nut tree by institutions in the Amazon are relatively recent. Research work with the species B. excelsa is focused on the selection of plants with high fruit productivity in areas of natural occurrence and in cultivated areas, which have been cloned and evaluated. With the objective of identifying future descriptors for the species, the work carried out the morphometric characterization of fruits and seeds in ten accessions of Bertholletia excelsa belonging to the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. For characterization, fruits of accessions with the following fantasy names were used: M. Pedro-1, M. Pedro-2, Santa Fé-1, Santa Fé-2, Cpatu-606, Cpatu-609, Cpatu-612, Cpatu- 614, Cpatu-710 to Cpatu 722. Fruit characterization was carried out based on a random sample of five fruits per clone, which were individually analyzed for the following characteristics: mass (g), longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter (cm) , pericarp thickness (cm), seed mass, almond mass (g), number of corners and number of seeds per fruit. The data obtained was analyzed using simple statistics, involving means, maximums, minimums and standard deviation. Among the twelve morphometric characteristics evaluated in fruits and seeds, the greatest variations were obtained in the determination of fruit mass, number of seeds per fruit, seed and almond mass. These characters should be recommended as future morphological descriptors for the Brazil nut tree. The morphometry of fruits and seeds of Bertholletia excelsa allows the identification of genetic variability among the accessions established in the Embrapa Amazônia Oriental germplasm collection.
- Walnice Maria Oliveira do Nascimento
- Lucas Rozendo de Lima Silva
- Caio Xavier dos Santos
- Ester Costa Franco