Preventive Strategies for Surgical Site Infections in Abdominal Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence-Based Interventions
Preventive Strategies for Surgical Site Infections in Abdominal Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence-Based Interventions
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594982408117
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Palavras-chave: Infecção de Sítio Cirúrgico, Cirurgia Abdominal, Prevenção de Infecção, Profilaxia Antibiótica, Terapia de Ferida
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Keywords: Surgical Site Infection, Abdominal Surgery, Infection Prevention, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Wound Therapy
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Abstract: Objectives: This review aims to analyze and synthesize current preventive strategies for surgical site infections (SSIs) specifically within the context of abdominal surgery, where SSIs are particularly prevalent and pose significant risks to patient health and healthcare systems. The primary objective is to evaluate evidence across various stages of intervention—preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative—to determine the most effective methods for reducing SSI incidence in abdominal surgical procedures. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases to identify relevant studies focusing on SSI prevention in abdominal surgery. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria emphasizing randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses involving preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative measures. Data extraction focused on categorizing each study by intervention type and summarizing findings regarding efficacy. Results: Preoperative measures, including antibiotic prophylaxis and optimized skin preparation with chlorhexidine, were shown to significantly reduce SSI risk. Intraoperative interventions, such as maintaining normothermia, using wound protectors, and selecting minimally invasive surgical techniques, demonstrated efficacy in minimizing microbial contamination. Postoperative measures, including negative-pressure wound therapy and evidence-based wound care, further contributed to reducing infection rates. Overall, multimodal approaches integrating multiple interventions at different surgical stages yielded the most substantial reductions in SSIs. Conclusion: The findings highlight that a combination of targeted preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies offers the best outcomes in reducing SSIs in abdominal surgery. Practical recommendations include incorporating antibiotic prophylaxis, standardized skin antisepsis, and postoperative wound management as standard protocol components. However, research gaps persist, particularly in the long-term effectiveness of some interventions and specific patient populations. Future studies should aim to refine these strategies to address these gaps, focusing on high-risk groups and cost-effectiveness evaluations.
- Gustavo Henrique pedroso
- Ana Julia Terres Fausto
- Amanda Terres Fausto
- Mayume Nakashima Matoso
- Anna Júlia Amaral Dreweck
- Danilo Gomes Pereira Leitão
- Lais Maria Luders
- Bernardo Fortes de Medeiros