Perioperative Visual Loss in Otolaryngologic Surgery An Ophthalmologic and Anesthetic Perspective on Risk Factors and Prevention – A Literature Review
Perioperative Visual Loss in Otolaryngologic Surgery An Ophthalmologic and Anesthetic Perspective on Risk Factors and Prevention – A Literature Review
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15941002418117
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Palavras-chave: Perda Visual Perioperatória; Cirurgia Otorrinolaringológica; Fatores de Risco; Colaboração Interdisciplinar; Estratégias de Prevenção.
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Keywords: Perioperative Visual Loss; Otolaryngologic Surgery; Risk Factors; Interdisciplinary Collaboration; Preventive Strategies
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Abstract: Objective The purpose of this literature review is to explore perioperative visual loss (POVL) in otolaryngologic surgeries from ophthalmologic, anesthetic, and otolaryngologic perspectives. It aims to identify key risk factors, evaluate preventive strategies, and highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in managing this rare but serious complication. Methodology A systematic review of the literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and relevant journals. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing POVL in the context of otolaryngologic surgeries, with specific emphasis on risk factors, mechanisms, and preventive measures. The analysis synthesized findings related to patient-specific vulnerabilities, surgical techniques, and anesthetic management, providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge base. Results The findings indicate that POVL is a multifactorial complication influenced by systemic factors such as hypertension, diabetes, anemia, and vascular abnormalities, as well as procedural risks like prolonged operative duration, prone positioning, and direct trauma to orbital structures. High-risk procedures, including endoscopic sinus surgeries and skull base operations, were particularly implicated. Preventive measures such as preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative hemodynamic stabilization, and postoperative vigilance were consistently emphasized across studies. Collaborative strategies involving ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, and anesthesiologists were found to significantly mitigate the risk of POVL. Conclusion POVL in otolaryngologic surgeries represents a complex challenge requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Tailored preventive measures, informed by patient-specific risk factors and procedural demands, are essential for reducing its incidence. Future research should focus on refining intraoperative technologies, establishing standardized protocols, and leveraging innovations such as artificial intelligence for risk prediction. Enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration is critical to ensuring optimal patient outcomes and advancing the understanding of POVL in this unique surgical context.
- Isadora Godoy Bianchi
- Fernanda Flores da Costa Neves
- Nicolas Jose Suek Cechelero
- Paulo Felipe de Oliveira Lima
- Amanda Falkenbach Tenius
- Elizabeth Amann Simões
- Anna Júlia Amaral Dreweck
- Gustavo Henrique Pedroso
- Ana Julia Terres Fausto