Neoplasias benignas da pele no Brasil: análise epidemiológica e impactos socioeconômicos

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208112530055

• Palavras-chave: Neoplasias benignas da pele; Epidemiologia; Fatores de risco; Impacto econômico; Brasil.

• Keywords: Benign skin neoplasms; Epidemiology; Risk factors; Economic impact; Brazil.

• Abstract: Introduction: Benign skin neoplasms represent a frequently neglected condition in Brazilian public health, despite their high prevalence and significant impact on healthcare services and patients' quality of life. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, phenotypic characteristics of the population, and occupational factors are among the main determinants of these lesions. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological aspects, risk factors, sociodemographic profile, and the economic and social impacts of benign skin neoplasms in the Brazilian context. Methodology: An integrative review of the scientific literature was carried out, including articles published between 2019 and 2024, in the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The descriptors "benign skin neoplasms", "benign cutaneous tumors", "epidemiology", "Brazil", and "risk factors" were used. Complementary epidemiological data were obtained from the DATASUS system and the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results and discussion: Between 2013 and 2022, over 69,000 hospital admissions for benign skin neoplasms were recorded in Brazil, predominantly in the Northeast and Southeast regions. Adults and elderly were the most affected age groups, reflecting cumulative ultraviolet exposure. The main risk factors identified included chronic occupational or recreational sun exposure, fair skin, and family history. Hospital expenditures exceeded 22 million reais in the analyzed period, emphasizing the significant economic impact of these conditions. Although rarely fatal, these neoplasms resulted in 27 deaths during this period, indicating the importance of early diagnosis and adequate management. The literature highlights the need for preventive and educational strategies aimed at vulnerable populations, as well as greater attention to the quality of epidemiological records. Conclusion: Benign skin neoplasms constitute a relevant challenge for Brazilian public health, with substantial clinical, social, and economic implications. Investments in primary prevention, health education, and improvement of epidemiological information systems are essential to reduce the incidence and impact of these conditions.