NATAÇÃO E SAÚDE: UM OLHAR SOBRE O CORAÇÃO EM DISTINTOS NÍVEIS DO NADAR INFANTIL
NATAÇÃO E SAÚDE: UM OLHAR SOBRE O CORAÇÃO EM DISTINTOS NÍVEIS DO NADAR INFANTIL
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208242610023
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Palavras-chave: natação; crianças; frequência cardíaca; saúde; níveis de aprendizagem.
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Keywords: swimming; children; heart rate; health; learning levels
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Abstract: Introduction: In children's swimming, promoting health is one of the main goals of parents when enrolling their children in the sport. Therefore, programs aiming to provide this type of benefit to students should be structured at optimal intensity levels during lessons. However, it is still unclear whether a teaching program focused on acquiring swimming skills can also provide adequate stimuli for the proper development of the cardiovascular system, especially regarding heart rate (HR) responses. Objectives: To analyze the impact of swimming lessons on children's HR; to compare responses between genders and across different swimming skill levels. Methodology: The study included 138 children with an average age of 8 (±2.7) years. They were distributed across 5 distinct educational levels: Adaptation: 28; Initiation: 18; Improvement_1: 58; Improvement_2: 18; and Improvement_3: 16. Bruce's equation 204-(1.07*age) was used to estimate the maximum heart rate, as well as to calculate the estimated efforts at each age for four moments of the class: the beginning, 15’, 30’, and 45’. For data collection, a Polar brand heart rate monitor and manual palpation of the carotid artery were used; in the latter, the reliability of the measurement was analyzed in 17 volunteers (r=0.87; p<0.001), confirming the feasibility of using palpation. Statistics: The Friedman test with Connover's post hoc was used for comparisons between moments of the class. The Student's t-test for independent measures was used to compare heart rate between sexes at different moments of the class. The Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc was used for analysis among different swimming levels. Results: The data indicated that when all the children were analyzed as a single group, that the initial heart rate (Fc_initial) was at 48.7% (8.03) of the estimated value, and in the three subsequent moments of the classes it was respectively 60.11% (10.04); 68.21% (11.6) and 63.18% (12.6). Comparisons between the moments showed statistically significant differences [χ2(3) = 225.3, p < 0.001], and post hoc tests revealed differences between all moments for p<0.001, except for the 15’ and 45’ moments, p=0.083. No difference between sexes was detected for the four moments of the class, indicating that the groups maintained similar effort behaviors. The comparisons between levels for the estimated percentages of HR at the different moments of the class were: Start [H(4) = 8.978, p=0.062]; 15’ [H(4) =5.519, p<0.238]; 30’ [H(4) = 32.814, p<0.001]; 45’ [H(4)=41.30, p<0.001]. Conclusion: The findings indicated that HR responses throughout the class differed between the initiation and adaptation levels when compared to the improvement levels. The intensities were characterized as moderate, partially corresponding to global recommendations. Future initiatives should focus on strategies that increase class intensity.
- William Urizzi
- Almir Marchetti
- André Trindade
- Bruna Freitas
- Fabrício Madureira Barbosa
- Fabrício Madureira