Violência como fenômeno sistêmico: fundamentos teóricos para estratégias integradas de enfrentamento em sistemas sociais complexos
Violência como fenômeno sistêmico: fundamentos teóricos para estratégias integradas de enfrentamento em sistemas sociais complexos
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.939112621018
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Palavras-chave: violência, sistemas adaptativos complexos, tomada de decisão, emergência da violência, governança policêntrica
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Keywords: violence, complex adaptive systems, decision-making, violence emergence, polycentric governance
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Abstract: Violence remains one of the most persistent and adaptive phenomena in social life, yet it continues to be predominantly addressed through fragmented analytical frameworks and institutional responses grounded in linear cause-and-effect assumptions. This theoretical essay advances a systemic approach to violence by shifting the analytical focus from isolated events to the decision-making processes and structural conditions that recurrently shape its manifestations across social contexts. Drawing on Complex Adaptive Systems, complexity thinking, and Cultural Psychology, we conceptualize violence as a multidetermined and emergent phenomenon. We propose that violence can be understood as an asymmetrical decision-making expression, enacted in disregard of norms and with the potential to produce harm, whose patterns stabilize through recursive feedback dynamics within complex social systems. This formulation integrates individual, relational, and institutional levels of analysis while preserving the role of agency without resorting to deterministic explanations. By exposing the limitations of interventions centered on the control of observable behaviors, the article introduces an analytical inflection that reframes violence as an emergent outcome of asymmetrical decisions embedded in interconnected systems. This perspective offers a theoretically grounded basis for adaptive, decentralized, and system-oriented strategies, capable of operating under conditions of uncertainty and continuous transformation.
- Sergio Fernandes Senna Pires