Utilização de concentrados de apatita no manejo do solo

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2692405019

• Palavras-chave: adubação fosfatada, agricultura orgânica, fontes alternativas.

• Keywords: phosphate fertilizer, organic agriculture, alternative sources.

• Abstract: Apatite is a mineral found in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, as a crucial source of phosphorus (P) in the manufacture of phosphoric acid for fertilizers. Present in several geological formations, apatite is commonly extracted from sedimentary and igneous deposits, the latter being predominant in Brazil. P is essential for plant growth, but its availability in soil is often limited, especially in tropical regions. Brazil, one of the largest consumers of phosphate fertilizers, faces challenges in the efficiency of these inputs, influenced by the composition, culture and properties of the soil. The prevalent use of soluble phosphates, although it quickly increases the levels of available phosphorus, also favors adsorption reactions, making it unavailable to plants. Furthermore, the production of soluble phosphates involves expensive processes and significant environmental impacts. Given this scenario, this chapter highlights apatite concentrates as more sustainable alternatives. Studies indicate that these concentrates can increase phosphorus levels in the soil, providing agronomic results similar to soluble fertilizers. In a global context of concern about the finiteness of phosphate resources, the search for alternative sources, such as apatite, becomes crucial to guarantee food security and agricultural sustainability.