Uso de células madre en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, hematológicas e inmunológicas: Una revisión narrativa
Uso de células madre en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, hematológicas e inmunológicas: Una revisión narrativa
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.7981125210313
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Palavras-chave: Células Madre, Enfermedad Crónica, Enfermedades Hematológicas Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune, Trasplante de Células Madre
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Keywords: Stem Cells, Chronic Disease, Hematologic Diseases, Immune System Diseases, Stem Cell Transplantation
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Abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), both autologous and allogeneic, has proven to be a therapeutic strategy for various pathologies, becoming a new tool in the medical arsenal. The objective of this study is to characterize the use of stem cells in the treatment of chronic-degenerative, hematological, and immunological diseases based on current medical literature. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach through a narrative review design, applying the documentary review technique with data collection forms and search equations based on the descriptors: Stem Cells, Chronic Disease, Hematological Diseases, Immune System Diseases, and Stem Cell Transplantation. These descriptors were applied in specialized databases such as LILACS, PUBMED, and SCIELO. The main findings within the theoretical categories indicate that this type of therapy is currently used with a focus on chronic-degenerative diseases, showing success in conditions such as heart failure, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, its primary applications in immunology are centered on the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In the hematological domain, its use has been directed toward patients with anemia, leukemias, lymphomas, aplasias, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Despite advances in protocols for cell isolation, expansion, and differentiation, challenges remain in process standardization, quality control, and determination of optimal therapeutic dosages. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents a promising alternative in personalized medicine by reducing the risk of immune rejection. However, long-term studies are still required to assess their genetic and epigenetic stability, as well as the risks of ectopic differentiation and teratoma formation, in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of these therapies in clinical practice.
- Luis Alfredo Cevallos Mendoza
- Vicente Antonio Zapata Reyes
- Eimy Milena Avellán Intriago
- Vielka Mikaela Cevallos Carvajal
- Verónica Andreina Loor Casanova
- Jeffry John Pavajeau Hernández