UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE A RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANA ÀS PENICILINAS: MICRORGANISMOS ENVOLVIDOS, MECANISMOS E IMPACTOS CLÍNICOS
UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE A RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANA ÀS PENICILINAS: MICRORGANISMOS ENVOLVIDOS, MECANISMOS E IMPACTOS CLÍNICOS
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1302517108
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Palavras-chave: penicilinas; resistência bacteriana; microrganismos resistentes; tratamento antimicrobiano.
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Keywords: penicillins; bacterial resistance; resistant microorganisms; antimicrobial treatment.
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Abstract: Resistance to penicillins has increased among various clinically significant microorganisms, making this topic essential for understanding current challenges in the treatment of bacterial infections. Penicillins, widely used for decades, have been losing effectiveness due to microbial adaptation and the development of mechanisms that neutralize the action of these antibiotics. The main agents involved include gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria found in both hospital and community settings. These microorganisms employ strategies such as alterations in target proteins, production of enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic, reduction of drug uptake into the cell, and efflux systems that expel the drug before it can act. These processes hinder treatment and increase the likelihood of therapeutic failure, especially in respiratory, urinary, systemic, and hospital-acquired infections. Furthermore, the spread of resistance genes among different bacteria worsens the problem, promoting the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. This scenario requires more complex therapeutic choices, the use of broader-spectrum antibiotics, and strict monitoring, leading to greater risks for patients and direct impacts on healthcare systems. Given these challenges, understanding resistance mechanisms and the main microorganisms involved is essential to support rational prescription practices, improve surveillance strategies, and strengthen educational actions to reduce the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Deepening knowledge on this topic contributes to safer infection management and to addressing antimicrobial resistance on a global scale.
- Lorane da Silva Sousa
- Katiane Andrade Rocha
- Débora Santos Spindola Couto
- Walyson Nunes de Queiroz
- Gregório Otto Bento de Oliveira3
- Hellen Dinne de Souza do Nascimento