Uma análise do hemograma: desvendando as complexidades para auxiliar no diagnóstico de infecções respiratórias bacterianas e virais em crianças.

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.5872316109

• Palavras-chave: Hemograma, infecções virais, infecções bacterianas, infecções respiratórias e crianças.

• Keywords: hemogram, viral infections, bacterial infections, respiratory infections, and children.

• Abstract: The hemogram is the name given to a set of techniques performed in counting blood cells that gather clinical data that help in decision-making in various pathologies. An etiological agent causes infectious diseases, be it a bacterium, parasite, or virus. The infection can occur through inhalation of infectious droplets or contaminated fomites. The defense process of the host organism is related to the innate immune response and appetite production. The innate responses can eliminate or contain an infection that the adaptive response recognizes the pathogen, using the same effector switches; however, it is more precise. In these situations, the blood count becomes a fundamental part and acts by providing relevant information for the management of such clinical conditions. In bacterial infections, an increase in the total white blood cell count (leukocytosis) is seen; this increase is mainly caused by the increase in the number of neutrophils (neutrophilia) subsequent to a shift to the left. In the leukogram of patients with viral respiratory diseases, it is common to observe abnormalities in leukocytes circulating in peripheral blood, such as leukocytosis, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and eosinopenia, in addition to morphological changes in lymphocytes and neutrophils.