Triatomines, commonly referred to as kissing bugs, are hematophagous insects belonging to the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and constitute the primary vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. This chapter provides an integrated overview of their taxonomy, morphological adaptations, geographic distribution, life cycle, feeding behavior, and medical significance. Particular emphasis is placed on the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus, which encompass the most epidemiologically relevant species. The transmission of T. cruzi occurs via a contaminative mechanism, in which infective feces are deposited near the bite site—an approach that contrasts with inoculative transmission observed in other vector-borne diseases. Prevention and control measures are discussed, including insecticide application, physical barriers, environmental management, and health education initiatives. Despite decades of control efforts, persistent challenges remain, such as insecticide resistance, reinfestation by sylvatic species, and limited epidemiological surveillance. Continued entomological research and community-based interventions are essential for reducing the burden of Chagas disease and improving public health outcomes in endemic areas.