TOXOPLASMOSE GESTACIONAL E CONGÊNITA NO BRASIL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.6442321085

• Palavras-chave: Toxoplasmose, transmissão vertical, toxoplasmose congênita

• Keywords: Toxoplasmosis, vertical transmission, congenital toxoplasmosis

• Abstract: Introduction: toxoplasmosis is a disease of high prevalence and worldwide geographic distribution and affects more than 60% of the population in certain countries, according to the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of each investigated region, being more prevalent in tropical regions. Infection by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is common and most of the times asymptomatic, being considered a neglected parasitic disease. In pregnant women, it can cause damage to the fetus related to abortion, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, ophthalmological and neurological involvement, and early diagnosis is essential to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and its sequelae. The objective of this work was to carry out an integrative review of what has been produced about gestational toxoplasmosis in the last five years. Method: The Population Interest Context (PICo) strategy was used. The bibliographic survey was carried out in December 2020, in the databases: SciELO, LILACS, BVS and MEDLINE. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: primary articles, original articles, published in the last five years, in any language. Exclusion criteria were editorials, theses, dissertations, review articles and those already selected in the search in another database and that did not answer the research question. For the search in the databases, descriptors present in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and their equivalents in English in the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were selected. Results: 16 articles were selected, of which 8 (50.0%) were found in Scopus, 5 (31.2%) in MEDLINE/PubMed, 2 (12.5%) in LILACS and 1 (6.2%) at SciELO. All texts included were written in Portuguese and English. As for the study design, it was obtained: 1 case-control study (5.9%), 2 prospective and descriptive (11.8%), 1 observational cross-sectional study (5.9%), 7 cross-sectional (41%), 1 cohort study (5.9%), 1 prevalence study (5.9%), 2 case reports (11.8%), 1 descriptive study (5.9%) and 1 descriptive-analytical study of cross section with a quantitative approach (5.9%). Conclusion: it was identified that the evidence published on gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis had a more significant predominance in diagnosis, followed by risk factors and publications that addressed the prior knowledge of pregnant women. The use of early diagnostic procedures helps identify Toxoplasma gondii infection. There is little literature on the participation of health professionals in the education offered about the disease.