THE ROLE OF PHYTIC ACID IN PLANT-BASED INGREDIENTS FOR ANIMAL FEED: A REVIEW
THE ROLE OF PHYTIC ACID IN PLANT-BASED INGREDIENTS FOR ANIMAL FEED: A REVIEW
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.61724020219
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Palavras-chave: fator anti-nutricional, ácido fítico, biodisponibilidade, nutrição animal, conservação do ambiente
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Keywords: anti-nutritional factor, phytic acid, bioavailability, animal nutrition, environmental conservation
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Abstract: Phytates play pivotal roles in plant physiology, acting as reservoirs for phosphorus and specific cations throughout various stages of plant life cycles. They are essential raw materials for cell wall formation after germination and shield seeds against oxidative stress during storage. However, their chelating effect forms robust bonds with amino acids, starch, and vital minerals, detrimentally affecting nutrient assimilation in feed and consequently diminishing feed yield. This article investigates the antinutritional aspects of phytates, exploring their reactivity, chelating actions, and adverse effects on gastrointestinal metal availability in animals. In addition, the article examines how unutilized phytates during poultry and pig feeding contribute to environmental concerns as they are excreted, contributing to groundwater eutrophication. The European Union now mandates feed supplementation with exogenous microbial phytases to address this issue. The terms phytate, phytic acid, myo-inositol, myo-inositol hexaphosphate, and phytin are used to denote different forms of this antinutritional factor. Despite being hydrolyzed by phytase enzymes, these compounds remain distinct. Inositol, a constituent prevalent in cereals, plays critical roles in various biological processes, including insulin signal transduction, calcium concentration control, and gene expression. This study elucidates the interaction of phytic acid with proteins under variation pH conditions, delineating its role in forming insoluble complexes and impacting enzymatic activities. Phytate is considered one of the most potent antinutritional factors, leading to substantial nutritional losses and diminished protein and energy availability in animals. The content of phytic phosphorus varies among ingredients of plant origin, which influences phosphorus bioavailability. Dietary phosphorous utilization varies across species, with ruminants exhibiting higher utilization due to fermenting microorganisms secreting phytase. Understanding the implications of phytates on nutrient availability is paramount for animal nutrition and environmental conservation. This article underscores the necessity of evaluating phosphorus bioavailability to enhance ingredient utilization and mitigate ecological impacts.
- Hilton Nobre da Costa
- Elisabete Albuquerque dos Santos Benvenuto
- Gilcifran Prestes de Andrade
- Priscilla Virgínio de Albuquerque
- Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro
- Dayane Albuquerque da Silva
- Emmanuela Prado de Paiva Azevedo
- Diego Vicente da Costa
- Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello
- Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke
- Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento