THE ROLE OF PARTIAL SATURATION IN VERTICAL FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS (VFCW): MECHANISMS, TREATMENT PERFORMANCE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.6472417106

• Palavras-chave: Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands; Partial Saturation; Nature-based Solutions; Wastewater Treatment Optimization; Nutrient Removal.

• Keywords: Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands; Partial Saturation; Nature-based Solutions; Wastewater Treatment Optimization; Nutrient Removal.

• Abstract: Vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) are a nature-based solution used to treat a variety of effluents, with a primary focus on the removal of organic matter and nutrients. Several operational modifications and strategies in VFCW have been studied to optimize treatment performance, including partial saturation of the support media. Partial saturation is a key factor for system performance, influencing microbial activity, oxygen availability, and pollutant removal, among other factors. This strategy creates environments with different oxygenation levels, which allow the development of different microorganisms that aid in removal and degradation of pollutants. Partial saturation allows for both aerobic and anaerobic zones withing the same unit, leading to more complete treatment and reducing area required. This article presents, in a clear and succinct manner, the aspects involved in the partial saturation of VFCW systems, its mechanisms and impacts on treatment, as well as results from worldwide studies and future perspectives.