Teoría de Dorothea Orem, un sustento para la prevención de enfermedades transmisibles y no transmisibles: Revisión De Alcance
Teoría de Dorothea Orem, un sustento para la prevención de enfermedades transmisibles y no transmisibles: Revisión De Alcance
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.936122606036
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Palavras-chave: Teoría del déficit del autocuidado, enfermería, prevención de enfermedades, enfermedades transmisibles, enfermedades no transmisibles.
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Keywords: Self-care deficit theory, nursing, disease prevention, communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases.
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Abstract: Dorothea Orem's theory is one of the most influential conceptual frameworks in nursing for addressing disease prevention, based on the conscious desire to manage one's own health, known as “self-care.” Objective: To analyze scientific evidence on the application of Dorothea Orem's theory in professional nursing practice, especially in preventive interventions related to communicable and noncommunicable diseases in the community. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-Scr methodology. Publications between 2019 and 2025 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were included. The search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, BVS, Cuiden, and Science Direct. Twenty-one studies that met the established methodological criteria were selected. Results: The application of self-care theory is well suited to addressing chronic noncommunicable diseases, especially diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on educational interventions aimed at strengthening universal, developmental, and health deviation requirements. In communicable diseases, the evidence is not extensive and is mainly focused on diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and COVID-19. It is evident that educational strategies based on identifying self-care deficits improve therapeutic adherence and quality of life; however, primary prevention in communicable diseases is less developed theoretically. Conclusions: Oren's theory shows solid support in the secondary and tertiary prevention of noncommunicable diseases, while its application in communicable diseases and primary prevention requires further research.
- Jonathan Gabriel Chuga Guaman
- Fredy Alexander Freire Suquillo
- Poleth Nayeli Cabrera Sarchi