Técnicas transanais minimamente invasivas no manejo do câncer de reto precoce: revisão de literatura da última década
Técnicas transanais minimamente invasivas no manejo do câncer de reto precoce: revisão de literatura da última década
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.03425110914
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Palavras-chave: câncer retal precoce; TAMIS; TEM; cirurgia transanal; revisão de literatura.
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Keywords: early rectal cancer; TAMIS; TEM; transanal surgery; literature review.
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Abstract: Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, and early rectal cancer represents a therapeutic challenge due to the need to balance oncologic control with functional preservation. Minimally invasive techniques, such as Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) and Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS), have emerged as alternatives to radical surgery. Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Embase, including studies published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 312 studies were identified, with 41 assessed in full text, and 12 articles ultimately included in this analysis according to predefined PICO criteria. Results: Both techniques showed high rates of negative resection margins (R0), low morbidity and mortality, and superior functional outcomes compared with radical surgery in selected T1 tumors. TEM demonstrated more consolidated evidence, whereas TAMIS stood out for its shorter learning curve, lower costs, and growing applicability. Discussion: Despite their benefits, careful patient selection remains crucial, as prognostic factors such as tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, and depth of invasion directly influence oncologic outcomes. While TEM remains the reference standard, TAMIS appears to be a promising alternative but still lacks large-scale, long-term comparative evidence. Conclusion: TEM and TAMIS represent effective and safe approaches for early rectal cancer, enabling sphincter preservation and improved quality of life. However, multicenter prospective studies are still needed to consolidate their indications and establish their limitations compared with radical procedures.
- Tallitha Grawnth Santos Vidal
- João Vitor Tavares França
- Janaína Santos de Araújo
- Fábio do Couto Bandeira
- Guilherme Pereira Matias
- Júlia Cristina Miguel Jordão
- Gabriella Salomão de Paula
- Thaís Cunha Aguiar Gomes
- Júlia Fonseca Carneiro
- Sabrina Gomes Trindade Coimbra