Sistema de Medição Multivariável para Monitoramento de Sinais Senoidais de Corrente e de Tensão Elétrica.
Sistema de Medição Multivariável para Monitoramento de Sinais Senoidais de Corrente e de Tensão Elétrica.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.3022521038
Palavras-chave: Instrumentação; Sensores; Qualidade de energia; Sistemas elétricos.
Keywords: Instrumentation; Sensors; Power quality; Electrical systems.
Abstract: The possibilities and applications brought to modern society through the evolution of research in the area of electrical energy production are of inestimable intellectual, financial and material value. In this context, electrical energy has become a fundamental input, making human beings increasingly dependent on the continuity and quality of the service provided. The number of disturbances that affect the electrical power system is wide, such as voltage variations and imbalances, transients, harmonic distortions and the like, requiring the measurement and, subsequently, the analysis of various data, such as voltage and current signals, power, power factor, frequency, among others. Such disturbances can cause significant losses, such as load burnout and malfunctions of such components as electric motors, refrigeration machines, among others. Therefore, the application of instrumentation provides crucial information for controlling signal quality, dealing with the disturbances that affect the electrical system. It is preferable that the data measurement stage be performed by systems of low computational complexity, thus allowing effective monitoring for the application of future control techniques and tools. This work aims to develop a system that contributes to supervising current and voltage signals of a three-phase system. This tool will be used to monitor the energy generated by a signal applied to a load and originating from any type of source. Module 8 of the Procedures for Distribution of Electric Energy in the National Electric System, according to the National Electric Energy Agency, establishes the procedures related to the quality of the supply of electric energy, where the concepts and the basis of calculation necessary for the observation of phenomena that may affect the quality of the distributed electric energy are defined. Based on the bibliographic review, the SCT 013 000 current sensor, a window-type current transformer, and the ZMPT101B voltage sensor, a potential transformer, were chosen. In addition, a Real Time Clock module and a Security Digital card module were used, all embedded in an Arduino microcontroller. In the signal conditioning, an operational amplifier in the non-inverting summing amplifier configuration was used, in addition to a load resistor to obtain the voltage value associated with the current sensor. It was also observed that the transducers used presented good measurement linearity, thus being competent for the application. The data obtained show adequate precision, where it was possible to measure data from single-phase and three-phase networks, as indicated in the simulations performed. It was observed that changing the microcontroller platform is possible, since the hardware system related to data acquisition and storage remains the same, requiring only adaptation of the code used. For domestic and educational applications, the material presents good performance; however, targeting more industrial applications, where voltage and current levels are higher, an evaluation of improvements is necessary to increase the robustness of data processing and measurement, signal conditioning and electrical protection. Furthermore, the integration of the system with a Wi-Fi module and cloud storage can further increase the range of applications of the project, such as use for control processes and the Internet of Things.
- Ariel Souza Medeiros
- Evandro Ailson de Freitas Nunes