SÍNDROME HELLP: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.568162411115

• Palavras-chave: Síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais, Síndrome HELLP, Placenta.

• Keywords: Gestational hypertensive syndromes, HELLP syndrome, Placenta.

• Abstract: The elevation of blood pressure in pregnant women causes severe effects on the vascular, hepatic, renal, and cerebral systems, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Among the related conditions, the HELLP syndrome stands out as a severe complication of preeclampsia involving hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. It affects approximately 0.5% to 0.9% of pregnancies and is more prevalent among women with severe preeclampsia. The syndrome's pathophysiology involves endothelial dysfunction, immune activation, and inflammation, leading to organ damage. HELLP syndrome diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal pain and nausea, and requires specific blood tests for confirmation. Treatment is urgent and includes symptom control and often pregnancy termination to protect both the mother and fetus. Despite this, maternal mortality rates remain high, particularly in regions with limited access to adequate care. The prognosis depends on the severity and early diagnosis. The fetus also faces risks, especially if delivery occurs before 34 weeks, due to prematurity. Increased surveillance and education for pregnant women about the syndrome’s warning signs are recommended, alongside prenatal care investments and research to improve detection and prevention. These efforts may support better prognoses and reduce the risks associated with this syndrome in future pregnancies.