Síndrome da Apneia e Hipopneia Obstrutiva do Sono e sua relação com o Risco Cardiovascular: uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura.
Síndrome da Apneia e Hipopneia Obstrutiva do Sono e sua relação com o Risco Cardiovascular: uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura.
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DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.41523010910
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Palavras-chave: Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono. Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas. Atenção Primária em Saúde.
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Keywords: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome. Cardiovascular risk. Primary Health Care.
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Abstract: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a disorder that causes partial or total airflow obstruction during sleep. It is considered a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To analyze OSAHS as a cardiovascular risk factor. Methodology: This is an Integrative Literature Review. The search for scientific articles was based on a search in the Lilacs and Medline databases, using the descriptors "Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome" and "Cardiovascular Risk", combined by the 'AND' operator. Articles published in the last five years, written in Portuguese or English and which had the research theme in their title, were considered as inclusion criteria. Results: In total, 10 scientific articles were found. Two articles were repeated and one article did not meet the inclusion criteria. All were written in English and Portuguese. Four articles were original and three articles were literature review. Discussion: OSAHS is closely related to obesity and male sex. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are more prone to the development of the disease. Intermittent interruption of airflow generates a state of hypoxemia, activating the sympathetic nervous system and, in the long term, chronically raising blood pressure. The diagnosis of the disease has polysomnography as the gold standard and the CPAP device (Continuous Positive Air Pressure), as well as the use of finasteride in men, and hormone replacement with estrogen and/or progesterone in postmenopausal women do its treatment. Conclusion: OSAHS is an important cardiovascular risk factor and its early diagnosis reduces the morbidity and mortality of patients using the Sistema Único de Saúde.
- Gustavo Rosa Bianchini
- Rita Peluso Velho
- Jenifer Ludwig
- Laís de Souza Dias
- Denise Krieger