Rinite Alérgica: Uma Revisão Integrativa sobre Diagnóstico, Tratamento e Impactos na Qualidade de Vida
Rinite Alérgica: Uma Revisão Integrativa sobre Diagnóstico, Tratamento e Impactos na Qualidade de Vida
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.3771102410125
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Palavras-chave: "Rinite Alérgica", "Diagnóstico", "Tratamento", "Qualidade de Vida", "Estratégias de Prevenção".
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Keywords: "Allergic Rhinitis", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Quality of Life", "Prevention Strategies".
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Abstract: Allergic rhinitis is an immune system reaction to substances that are generally harmless, such as pollen, dust, pet dander, and mites. It occurs when the body of sensitive individuals releases inflammatory substances in response to these allergens, causing symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching [1,2]. The process is mediated by several cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which intensify inflammation in the airways. The condition can be seasonal or persistent, depending on the allergens present in the environment [1,2]. With a prevalence of around 20% of the global population, allergic rhinitis affects people of all ages, being more common in children and adolescents but potentially persisting into adulthood. The condition is often underdiagnosed, especially in regions with limited access to medical care. Genetic factors play a significant role, as individuals with a family history of allergic diseases are more prone to developing allergic rhinitis. In addition to the discomfort caused by symptoms, allergic rhinitis can severely affect the patient's quality of life. Difficulty sleeping, decreased academic and professional performance, and increased absenteeism from school or work are common [2,3,4]. Rhinitis can also predispose patients to complications such as asthma, chronic sinusitis, and otitis media, making appropriate management essential to prevent worsening. Effective prevention and treatment strategies are crucial to improving the lives of patients and preventing progression to more severe respiratory diseases [2,3,4]. The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is complex and involves the assessment of symptoms, medical history, and clinical exams. Allergy tests, such as skin prick tests and measurement of specific IgE levels in the blood, are crucial for identifying the allergens responsible for the symptoms [5,6]. An accurate diagnosis is vital to differentiate allergic rhinitis from other respiratory conditions with similar symptoms, such as colds or sinusitis. Identifying specific allergens allows the doctor to develop a targeted and effective treatment plan [5,6]. The treatment of allergic rhinitis includes various approaches, such as avoiding allergens, using medications like antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids, and, in persistent cases, immunotherapy [5,6]. Environmental measures, such as using air filters and regularly cleaning surfaces, help reduce exposure to allergens. In some cases, immunotherapy, which desensitizes the immune system over time, is an effective option. Treatment should be personalized according to the severity of symptoms and the patient's preferences, ensuring effective control of the condition and improvement in quality of life [5,6]. In this context, the integrative review is of great importance as it provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of allergic rhinitis, addressing everything from its pathophysiological mechanisms to its impact on patients' quality of life [6,7]. By gathering and analyzing recent studies on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, it provides a consolidated view of the most effective strategies for managing the condition [6,7]. Additionally, the review emphasizes the need for personalized interventions, considering individual and environmental factors that affect each patient, which can result in more effective treatments and better adaptation to the needs of those suffering from the disease [6,7]. This integrative approach contributes to advancing knowledge about allergic rhinitis and improving clinical practices in patient care [6,7].
- Laura Garcia
- Joyce Nunes Vieira
- Aldo Lucas Mobrizi Gabrigna
- Antônio Torino Garcia
- Barbara Tunes Bianchini
- Matheus Leite Beneli
- Yasmin Sabeh Samaan
- Guilherme Enrico Gasparini
- Larissa Silva Matiolli Martins
- Marina Carbone
- Luís Henrique Lima Negro
- Antônio Augusto Ribeiro Antunes