Redução na quantidade de reagentes usados na determinação de fósforo do solo, extraído com Mehlich-1
Redução na quantidade de reagentes usados na determinação de fósforo do solo, extraído com Mehlich-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.3802521114
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Palavras-chave: análise de P; curva de calibração; minimização de resíduos; padrão de calibração.
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Keywords: P analysis; calibration curve; waste minimization, calibration standard.
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Abstract: The determination of phosphorus (P) extracted with Mehlich-1 is based on the reaction between orthophosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) and molybdate (MoO₄²⁻) in the presence of ascorbic acid, resulting in the formation of a molybdenum blue complex. The intensity of this blue color is directly proportional to the concentration of phosphate ions in the solution. The objective of this study was to evaluate two calibration curves for quantifying phosphorus in soil using different P concentrations in the standards, and to investigate the effect of reducing the quantities of reagents used in the quantification process. The effect of reagent quantity was assessed using the following treatments: a full calibration curve (FC), which included standard solutions containing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mg L⁻¹ of P, and a half calibration curve (HC), containing standards of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L⁻¹ of P. These standard curves (FC and HC) were combined with two reagent quantities for color development in the prepared mixture: one containing 2.5 mL of the standard solution, 5.0 mL of diluted ammonium molybdate solution, and 15 mg of ascorbic acid (RQ); and another containing 5.0 mL of the standard solution, 10.0 mL of diluted ammonium molybdate solution, and 30 mg of ascorbic acid (FQ). The treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial design with six replicates. Additionally, a second experiment was conducted using six soil samples from representative soils of the Inland Tablelands of the Recôncavo Baiano region, varying in clay content, to assess the levels of phosphorus (P) extracted from the soil as a function of the reagent quantities used in the absorbance reading mixtures. In this case, treatments were arranged in a 6×2 factorial design with three replicates. The reduction in the highest P standard concentration to 2.0 mg L⁻¹ (HC) proved suitable in combination with both RQ and FQ, increasing the sensitivity of the curve for analyzing soils with low P levels. Using half the amount of reagents (RQ) was not only technically feasible but also reduced analysis costs and waste generation. No significant differences were found in soil P content when using the full (FQ) or half (RQ) reagent quantities.
- Francisco de Souza Fadigas
- Oldair Del'arco Vinhas Costa