QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA: UM ENFOQUE NA AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA E FÍSICO-QUÍMICA PARA A SAÚDE PÚBLICA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.26124090810

• Palavras-chave: Qualidade da água; Escherichia coli; Coliformes; Saúde pública

• Keywords: Water quality; Escherichia coli; Coliforms; Public health

• Abstract: Water is a vital resource for life on Earth, playing an essential role in various aspects, from maintaining human health to supporting ecosystems. Its importance is unquestionable, as it is necessary for the survival of all known forms of life. Water quality can be affected by physicochemical factors (such as temperature, pH, turbidity, chlorine, and fluorides) and microbiological factors (such as the presence of coliforms and Escherichia coli). However, the microbiological quality of water is especially concerning, as the presence of pathogenic microorganisms can pose a significant threat to public health. Microbiological analysis of water is a fundamental tool for assessing microbiological quality and ensuring that water is safe for consumption. There are traditional methods and rapid methods that play a crucial role in this process. Traditional methods of microbiological water analysis, such as the membrane filtration technique and the multiple-tube fermentation technique, involve culturing microorganisms in specific culture media. While these methods are reliable, they are generally time-consuming and require days to provide results, which can be challenging in emergencies. On the other hand, rapid methods allow for quicker and more accurate microbiological analysis, providing results in 24 hours or less.