PRINCIPAIS DISTÚRBIOS NUTRICIONAIS NA INFÂNCIA

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.80823171015

• Palavras-chave: Desnutrição; Distúrbios da nutrição infantil; Obesidade;

• Keywords: KEYWORDS; Malnutrition; Child nutrition disorders; Obesity;

• Abstract: SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The presence of eating disorders is common during childhood, where the main examples are malnutrition and obesity. In pediatrics, it is important to emphasize the multicausal etiology of obesity, as well as its wide spectrum of disorders, such as metabolic, inflammatory and endocrine disorders. Malnutrition is a state in which there is a nutritional imbalance resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to maintain the individual's normal physiological patterns. Such a disorder is associated with loss of appetite, poor immunity, changes in metabolism, as well as greater chances of triggering future chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to highlight the main eating disorders in childhood. METHODS: This is a literature review, of the narrative type, which aims to describe the main eating disorders in childhood from a theoretical point of view, through materials that have already been published on the subject in question, through analysis and interpretation of the literature. Inclusion criteria were: articles in Portuguese and English; published in the period from 2015 to 2023 and that addressed the themes proposed for this research, review-type studies available in full. After the selection criteria, 6 articles remained, which were subjected to thorough reading for data collection. The results were presented in a descriptive way, divided into thematic categories addressing: describing the subtitles or points that were mentioned in the discussion. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Malnutrition causes great damage to children, and in 2020, 149 million children under the age of 5 were considered very low height for their age and 45 million were considered underweight throughout the world. world. Therefore, it is worth mentioning the lack or little breastfeeding until the infant is six months old, as well as inadequate food supplementation, as well as insufficient maternal nutrition (WHO, 2021a; SAWAYA AL, et al., 2006). Regarding environmental factors, it is observed that the nutritional status can be seen as a reflection of the social reality experienced by the individual. In this sense, globalization reflected in the growing dynamics involving fast food, generating a diet rich in sodium, sugars and polyunsaturated fat. Thus, these characteristics of meals together with a sedentary life make the energy balance positive, thus constituting the main cause of childhood obesity (CAMACHO WJM, et al., 2019). Obesity is associated with precocious puberty and dyslipidemia. On the other hand, malnutrition occurs in forms of protein energy and reduced vitamins, such as Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. CONCLUSION: Child nutrition should be seen as a priority, obesity is associated with precocious puberty and dyslipidemia, but malnutrition is present in protein energy forms and with a reduction in vitamins. With this, there are consequences such as dysfunction of the immune system and cardiovascular diseases. Adequate nutritional balance is of paramount importance, which requires greater attention and the provision of assistance services for the child and youth population.