PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DA HIPERTENSÃO: UMA ABORDAGEM DIETÉTICA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8132413062

• Palavras-chave: hipertensão, nutrição, dieta, saúde.

• Keywords: hypertension, nutrition, diet, health.

• Abstract: Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure in the arteries, with significant global impact. Diagnosed when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 90 mmHg, its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and social factors. Despite often being asymptomatic, HTN can cause structural and functional damage to vital organs, being the leading cause of deaths, hospitalizations, and outpatient visits worldwide. In primary care, its management is challenging due to the often asymptomatic diagnosis and the need for adherence to drug therapy. Multidisciplinary teams play a crucial role, with nutritionists and physical education professionals standing out. Nutritional guidance, especially through diets such as the DASH and Mediterranean diets, has been shown to be effective in reducing blood pressure and preventing complications, encompassing detailed anamnesis, prescription of personalized diet, and nutrition education. Restriction of sodium in the diet is fundamental, as is increasing potassium intake. Additionally, moderation of alcohol consumption is recommended, as abuse is associated with a higher risk of HTN, while nutritional supplementation may be considered. In summary, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, combined with lifestyle changes and dietary guidance, is essential for the effective management of HTN in the population, highlighting the importance of early and ongoing involvement in the prevention and treatment of this public health condition.