PLANEACIÓN DE REQUERIMIENTO DE MATERIALES (MRP) CONCEPTO, EVOLUCIÓN Y TENDENCIAS
PLANEACIÓN DE REQUERIMIENTO DE MATERIALES (MRP) CONCEPTO, EVOLUCIÓN Y TENDENCIAS
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.83324190614
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Palavras-chave: planeación, control. Materiales, Optimizar
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Keywords: planning, control. Materials, Optimize
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Abstract: Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) is a fundamental system in supply chain management, designed to optimize production by planning, scheduling and controlling the necessary materials at the right time and in the right place. Its origin dates back to the 70s, with Joseph Orlicky, who, while working at IBM, conceived a detailed list of components for each item, laying the foundations for what we know today as MRP. Since then, the evolution of MRP has gone hand in hand with technological advances, especially with the development of computer systems. The introduction of computing revolutionized the ability to calculate and manage data, enabling a significant improvement in the efficiency of materials planning systems. The computer became an essential tool for streamlining and improving these processes, dramatically reducing the time needed to make decisions about the quantity and timing of ordering materials needed to manufacture products. The main purpose of MRP is to anticipate production needs and establish a logical sequence of actions to satisfy them. This anticipatory approach ensures that materials are available when needed, avoiding production delays and optimizing the use of available resources. As MRP gained acceptance and success in the industry, its application spread to companies of all sizes, from large corporations to small businesses, thanks to the decreasing costs of acquiring specialized software and the increase in competition in the technology market. The evolution of the MRP did not stop at its original form. Over time, variants such as MRP II and closed-loop MRP emerged, which expanded their scope to encompass other departments such as marketing and finance, and provided feedback mechanisms to adjust and correct production plans in real time. This adaptability and ability to evolve have been key to maintaining the relevance and effectiveness of MRP in a constantly changing business environment.
- Omar Jiménez Márquez
- Martín Ángel Velasco Velasco
- Juan Oscar Padilla Morales