PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE TUBERCULOSE NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO DURANTE OS ANOS 2012 A 2022

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.743112518037

• Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia; Fatores de risco; Tuberculose.

• Keywords: Epidemiology; Risk factors; Tuberculosis.

• Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that represents a significant challenge for public health. In Brazil, the Northeast region shows a high incidence of the disease, with the state of Maranhão being one of the most affected due to socio-economic conditions and risk factors such as co-infection with HIV, smoking, and diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of TB cases in the state of Maranhão between 2012 and 2022. For this, the DATASUS databases were used through the access “Tuberculosis Cases – Since 2001 (SINAN).” The demographic variables (age group, gender, education level, ethnicity, residence area), clinical variables (clinical form of TB, entry type), and lifestyle habits (smoking, alcoholism) were analyzed. Between 2012 and 2022, 28,150 TB cases were confirmed in Maranhão, with a peak in 2022 (11.5%). The results showed that the most affected age group was 20 to 39 years (42.85%), and the most affected individuals were male (66%). Regarding education, the majority had incomplete primary education (19.7%), and the most common ethnicity was brown (72.33%), with most individuals residing in urban areas (71.44%). The most frequent form was pulmonary TB (89.91%), and most patients were new cases (82.24%). Among the closed cases, 69.90% were cured, 4.35% died from tuberculosis, while 27.25% underwent treatment under observation. Risk factors included smoking (18.68%), alcohol use (16.0%), and illicit drug use (12.4%). Among comorbidities, 10.51% were HIV-positive and 10.08% had diabetes mellitus. The results of this study highlight the need for public health actions focusing on improving access to healthcare services and promoting educational campaigns to increase treatment adherence.