PARÂMETROS IMUNO-HEMATOLÓGICOS E AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA NO MANEJO CLÍNICO E LABORATORIAL DE INFECÇÕES RELACIONADAS À SAÚDE (IRAS) EM UMA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA (UTI).
PARÂMETROS IMUNO-HEMATOLÓGICOS E AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA NO MANEJO CLÍNICO E LABORATORIAL DE INFECÇÕES RELACIONADAS À SAÚDE (IRAS) EM UMA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA (UTI).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1642407034
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Palavras-chave: Infecções Relacionadas à Saúde. Biomarcadores. Prognóstico. Desfecho.
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Keywords: Health-Related Infections. Biomarkers. Prognosis. Outcome.
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Abstract: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) encompass clinical manifestations that appear up to 72 hours after the patient's admission to healthcare facilities or in the 72 hours prior to hospitalization, especially linked to therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. It is noteworthy that HAIs represent the main causes of hospital mortality, being influenced by factors such as the topography of the infection, the patient's previous condition and the etiological agent. Several risk factors, such as length of stay, invasive procedures and immunocompromise, are identified, especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). ICUs, complex environments, increase susceptibility to nosocomial infections, requiring precise therapeutic management to avoid antimicrobial resistance. Laboratory tests, such as blood count and C-reactive protein, play a crucial role in clinical assessment, being accessible and low-cost. Furthermore, immunohematological parameters, such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), are used in inflammatory assessment, offering practical benefits and affordable costs in research and clinical care of patients with HAIs. In this sense, we highlight the importance of monitoring manifestations resulting from HAIs, considering the complexity of the situation. Additionally, the inclusion of specific parameters and/or biomarkers is essential to facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis in patients, providing crucial support in clinical decision-making and the development of appropriate management strategies. Therefore, we seek to describe the importance of early identification of microorganisms, as well as their resistance profile, and immunohematological parameters in the clinical and laboratory management of patients with HAI. This is an integrative review, and to collect scientific articles, a search was carried out in the databases: PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (sciELO). We highlight that an in-depth understanding of bacterial identification, antimicrobial resistance profile and immunohematological parameters not only contributes to the efficient identification of HAIs, but also guides the implementation of timely and effective interventions in the context of clinical care, aiming to substantially improve the quality of care. This understanding becomes crucial to advance the understanding and improvement of the clinical approach to the prognosis and outcome of these conditions.
- Edú Fraga de Souza
- Matias Nunes Frizzo