O Papel da Relação Cálcio:Fósforo na Saúde Óssea de Iguanídeos: Erros Nutricionais como Fator Predisponente à Osteodistrofia Fibrosa
O Papel da Relação Cálcio:Fósforo na Saúde Óssea de Iguanídeos: Erros Nutricionais como Fator Predisponente à Osteodistrofia Fibrosa
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.659112610024
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Palavras-chave: Iguanídeos; Osteodistrofia fibrosa; Doença; Nutrição; Répteis
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Keywords: Iguanids; Fibrous osteodystrophy; Disease; Nutrition; Reptiles.
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Abstract: Iguanids are reptiles frequently kept in captivity, and their health depends directly on proper nutritional and environmental management. Among the most important factors is maintaining the correct calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in the diet, as well as exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. UVB radiation is essential for the synthesis of vitamin D₃, a substance crucial for intestinal calcium absorption. When these factors are not provided, metabolic disorders can arise that compromise the bone health of these animals. In captivity, iguanids commonly receive convenient diets, generally low in calcium and high in phosphorus. This nutritional imbalance, associated with the absence or low intensity of UVB light, reduces calcium absorption by the body and can lead to hypocalcemia. As a response, there is an increase in the activity of the parathyroid glands, resulting in secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism. In this process, the body begins to mobilize calcium stored in the bones to maintain adequate blood levels, causing progressive bone resorption. As the condition progresses, fibrous osteodystrophy may occur, a disease characterized by the replacement of bone tissue with fibrous tissue. This alteration weakens the skeleton, making the bones more fragile and susceptible to deformities and pathological fractures. Clinically, animals may present with difficulty walking, inadequate growth, bone deformities, and softening of the jaw, known as "rubber jaw," which can hinder feeding. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, management and feeding history, and complementary examinations. Radiographs may show changes in bone density, deformities, or fractures, while laboratory tests help assess the relationship between calcium and its corresponding levels in the body. Treatment mainly involves correcting the diet, increasing calcium intake and reducing foods rich in phosphorus, as well as adjusting UVB lighting. In some cases, calcium and vitamin D supplementation is also necessary, along with clinical support when needed. Prevention is key and depends on proper management, a balanced diet, and correct exposure to UVB radiation, thus ensuring the healthy development and well-being of iguanids kept in captivity.
- Arthur Pereira
- Eduardo Malavasi