NOVAS FRONTEIRAS DA METFORMINA: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA COM EVIDÊNCIAS ATUAIS PARA USOS CLÍNICOS E POTENCIAIS TERAPÊUTICOS PARA ALÉM DA DIABETES TIPO II
NOVAS FRONTEIRAS DA METFORMINA: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA COM EVIDÊNCIAS ATUAIS PARA USOS CLÍNICOS E POTENCIAIS TERAPÊUTICOS PARA ALÉM DA DIABETES TIPO II
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.16125161012
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Palavras-chave: Metformina, Resistência à insulina, Envelhecimento, Neuroproteção, Síndrome dos ovários policísticos, Obesidade, Pré-diabetes, Prevenção do diabetes, Câncer.
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Keywords: Aging, Cancer, Diabetes Prevention, Insulin Resistance, Metformin, Neuroprotection, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Pre-diabetes.
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Abstract: Metformin, traditionally a cornerstone treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has gained significant attention in recent decades for its potential beyond glycemic control. Multiple studies indicate that its metabolic and cellular effects, especially on the AMPK, mTOR, and IGF-1 pathways, may positively influence processes involved in various pathologies. Given this scenario, this narrative review aimed to synthesize and discuss the current evidence regarding the non-diabetic clinical applications of metformin and its emerging therapeutic potential in other areas of medicine. The findings demonstrate well-established benefits of metformin in conditions linked to insulin resistance: in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it improves the metabolic profile and may promote ovulation and pregnancy. In individuals with obesity, the drug shows a modest but consistent effect on weight reduction and metabolic markers, acting as an adjunct to lifestyle changes. In type 2 diabetes prevention, the results are robust, with metformin significantly reducing the progression from pre-diabetes. In contrast, the effects in other areas require further validation. In longevity, animal models suggest a geroprotective potential by delaying aging processes; however, robust clinical trials in non-diabetic populations are still incipient. Initial findings also indicate neuroprotective effects, with a slight improvement in cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but clinical evidence remains limited. In oncology, studies are heterogeneous, with a possible benefit in hormone-dependent tumors and an absence of significant modification or even worsening in digestive tract neoplasms, reinforcing the need for research to define subgroups and response biomarkers. In summary, metformin exhibits consolidated clinical benefits in insulin resistance-related conditions, but its effects on aging, cognition, and oncology are promising and require further clinical validation. The drug is established as one of the safest in contemporary practice, with great potential for repositioning. However, defining its role beyond diabetes will depend on new, robust, and long-term clinical trials capable of precisely defining its mechanisms, target dose, and target populations for each case.
- MARIA EDUARDA MENDES DA CUNHA
- Karina Santos de Faria
- Mônica Martinez Segura Teixeira Coelho