Neutropenia febril na oncologia pediátrica

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.64225011010

• Palavras-chave: Neutropenia febril; Oncologia pediátrica; Câncer infantil

• Keywords: Febrile neutropenia; Pediatric oncology; Childhood cancer

• Abstract: To analyze the main clinical approaches, challenges, and therapeutic strategies used in the management of febrile neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients. Methods: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the SciELO and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, including articles published between 2020 and 2025. The descriptors used were "febrile neutropenia," "pediatric oncology," "childhood cancer," and "infection in cancer patients," in Portuguese and English, combined using the Boolean operators “AND”. Inclusion criteria comprised original full-text studies that addressed the topic. Results: The analysis identified various thematic focuses regarding febrile neutropenia in children with cancer, categorized into efficacy and safety of antibiotic treatments, outpatient versus inpatient management, risk factors and predictive models, antimicrobial resistance, use of adjuvants or supplements, and validation of clinical tools. Highlights include the potential for early antibiotic discontinuation in low-risk cases, the usefulness of predictive models for risk stratification, and the safety of outpatient management. Final considerations: The literature points to advances in individualized care and rational use of antibiotics, though challenges remain in standardizing clinical protocols.