Neurodiversidad e Inclusión Educativa: Análisis de las barreras institucionales, estrategias pedagógicas y la experiencia estudiantil
Neurodiversidad e Inclusión Educativa: Análisis de las barreras institucionales, estrategias pedagógicas y la experiencia estudiantil
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.925152623045
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Palavras-chave: Neurodiversidad, educación inclusiva, prácticas pedagógicas.
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Keywords: Neurodiversity, inclusive education, teaching practices
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Abstract: Inclusive education in higher education faces an ethical challenge in ensuring equitable opportunities for students with neurodiversity (autism, ADHD, dyslexia). However, their experience is often marked by structural barriers, silent suffering, and high dropout rates, especially in the case of autism. This study aimed to identify experiences, barriers, and facilitators that influence their inclusion. A narrative synthesis of scientific literature in Spanish was conducted, supplemented by qualitative studies with a phenomenological and mixed-methods approach. The sources addressed student experiences, faculty perceptions, and digital accessibility. The analysis was framed within constructivism to identify pedagogical practices and support structures. Accessibility and educational support constitute the highest-rated dimension (average 4.35), with adapted resources and a strong emphasis on teacher support. In contrast, social integration has the lowest ratings. Among the main barriers identified are limited teacher training, lack of knowledge of regulations, overcrowded classrooms, and the persistence of a deficit model. Key enablers include Universal Design for Learning, Individualized Education Plans, multisensory approaches, and the use of assistive technologies. The findings reveal a gap between inclusive policies and actual practices. There is need to shift from a disability-centered paradigm toward one grounded in neurodiversity and cognitive justice. This entails institutional transformations, strengthening teacher training, and promoting flexible environments. Furthermore, it is essential to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of comprehensive support that address both academic and social dimensions, thereby promoting the full participation of neurodivergent students.
- Pilar Jara-Coatt
- Catalina Itamar Rojas-Sánchez
- Matías Bizama-Mella
- Francisco Antonio Kuhlmann-Matus
- Edgardo Lagos- Ortiz
- Fabiola Sáez-Delgado
- Marcela Cid Aguayo
- Yoseline Páez-Bustamante
- Laura Ramos-Riquelme