Nefrectomia Parcial Robótica versus Laparoscópica: Revisão de Literatura sobre Desfechos Perioperatórios, Funcionais e Oncológicos

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.98325160912

• Palavras-chave: nefrectomia parcial; cirurgia robótica; laparoscopia; tumores renais; revisão de literatura.

• Keywords: partial nephrectomy; robotic surgery; laparoscopy; renal tumors; literature review.

• Abstract: Background: Partial nephrectomy is the treatment of choice for localized renal tumors, ensuring renal function preservation and oncological safety. Minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy and robotic surgery, have gained prominence, with robotic approaches potentially offering perioperative and functional advantages, especially in complex tumors. Objective: To compare perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) based on evidence published between 2015 and 2025. Methods: Literature review conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and LILACS databases, including comparative studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Adult patients undergoing RPN or LPN were included, with evaluation of perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes. Results: RPN demonstrated shorter warm ischemia time, reduced blood loss, lower conversion rates, and better renal function preservation compared to LPN, particularly in complex tumors. Oncological outcomes, including positive surgical margins and survival, were similar between the two techniques. The shorter learning curve of robotic surgery was noted as an additional advantage, although higher costs remain a limitation. Conclusion: RPN offers superior perioperative and functional outcomes compared to LPN while maintaining equivalent oncological safety. Prospective studies and randomized trials are needed to strengthen long-term evidence, cost-effectiveness, and functional impact of the technique.