Nanotecnologia na terapia do câncer oral
Nanotecnologia na terapia do câncer oral
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.165112613011
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Palavras-chave: Nanotecnologia, Nanopartículas, Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos, Câncer oral.
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Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles, Drug Delivery Systems, Oral Cancer.
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Abstract: Objective: To conduct a literature review on the use of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and therapy of oral cancer, in order to describe the main types of nanoparticles applied to oral cancer, explain their functioning as drug delivery systems, and present the advantages, limitations, and translational challenges involved. Method: This is a literature review, conducted through a search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. The following descriptors were used in the search: “nanotechnology”, “nanoparticles”, “nanomedicine”, “nanomaterials”, “drug delivery systems”, “oral cancer”, “mouth neoplasms”, “oral squamous cell carcinoma”, combined using the Boolean operator “AND” or “OR”. Thus, the inclusion criteria were articles published between 2015 and 2025, available in full text, in Portuguese, Spanish, or English, and addressing the use of nanoparticles applied to oral cancer. Studies outside this period, studies not directly related to the topic, incomplete materials, duplicates, or those lacking methodological rigor were excluded. Results: Polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA, chitosan, alginate, gelatin, PLA, and PEG), lipid nanoparticles (liposomes, SLNs, NLCs, and lipid nanoemulsions), and inorganic nanoparticles (gold, silver, platinum, zinc oxide, iron oxide, cerium oxide, manganese, and mesoporous silica) were identified. In general, nanoparticles provide greater selectivity for tumor cells, controlled drug release, improved stability, protection of drugs against degradation, reduced systemic toxicity and adverse effects, greater tumor penetration and accumulation in malignant tissue, the possibility of passive, active, immunological or magnetic targeting, and allow for integrated therapy and diagnostic systems. Regarding their therapeutic applications, more targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of tumor proliferation, improved therapeutic efficacy, combination of diagnosis and therapy, and potential use in immunotherapy have been observed. Conclusion: It is concluded that nanotechnology represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, but still presents challenges regarding safety, standardization, cost, and clinical validation.
- Beatriz Espíndola Gonzaga
- Yara Abrantes Nunes
- Felipe Falce Paraiso Dutra
- Larissa Shirley de Souza
- Pedro Henrique Trant Coutinho
- Tony Eduardo Costa
- Larissa Cazarim Elias
- Gisele Maria Campos Fabri