MÓDULOS FOTOVOLTAICOS: ASPECTOS RELEVANTES
MÓDULOS FOTOVOLTAICOS: ASPECTOS RELEVANTES
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.654112526027
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Palavras-chave: Energia solar, impacto ecológico e Uso de Resíduos Sólidos.
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Keywords: Solar energy, ecological impact and Use of Solid Waste.
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Abstract: Photovoltaic energy is considered sustainable, clean and renewable. This review aims to present the environmental impacts that incorrect disposal of photovoltaic modules can cause and warn about the need for their recycling. This study consists of a narrative review of the literature about photovoltaic modules, their types, composition and generations, environmental impacts and recycling. The research was carried out from February to December 2024 using information cataloged in databases on academic websites, using master's dissertations, doctoral theses and published scientific articles as inclusion criteria; and conference abstracts and proceedings as exclusion criteria. Photovoltaic modules are classified into three generations, with the first generation being made up of crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic cells, subdivided into monocrystalline silicon (m-Si), the oldest and most effective, which holds 60% market dominance, and polycrystalline silicon (p-Si), the least efficient. Second generation photovoltaic modules were born with the aim of reducing manufacturing costs in terms of raw materials used and energy consumption. Third-generation photovoltaic modules are highly efficient, however they are expensive to manufacture and commercially unfeasible, unless they are used in satellites. Photovoltaic modules are capable of producing impacts on the environment at the following moments: when the panels are produced, deployed (installed) and at the end of their operation. Photovoltaic modules are considered hazardous waste because they contain substances harmful to health, and it is essential to encourage their recycling when they are unusable, with the aim of reinserting them into the raw material production chain, resulting in savings on primary raw materials and reduced operational costs.
- Alex Sandro Carnaúba das Neves
- Juliane Cabral Silva
- Mayara Andrade de Souza
- Jessé Marques da Silva Júnior Pavão