MÉTODOS PASSIVOS DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES EM ÁREAS DE MINERAÇÃO DE CARVÃO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.198132518071

• Palavras-chave: biorremediação; fitorremediação; microrganismos; carvão; DAM; wetlands.

• Keywords: bioremediation; phytoremediation; microorganisms; coal, DAM; wetlands.

• Abstract: Coal mining remains an important energy source for thermoelectric generation, but over time it has left a legacy of environmental degradation, especially through the contamination of surface and groundwater by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). In response, bioremediation techniques such as the use of microalgae, bacteria, shrimp industry waste, and even domestic sewage have been explored as alternative treatments for waters contaminated with iron and manganese, particularly in southern Brazil. Recent studies also highlight the effectiveness of constructed wetlands, permeable reactive barriers, and the application of natural materials and industrial residues in controlling acidity and removing metals. Therefore, this work seeks to review the passive treatments that can contribute to the environmental recovery of remote areas affected by former mining activities, as they are low- maintenance and economically viable techniques.