MENINGITE BACTERIANA AGUDA- ETIOLOGIA, DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO EMPÍRICO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

• DOI: -

• Palavras-chave: Emergência neurológica. Tratamento da meningite. Inflamação das meninges.

• Keywords: Neurological emergency. Treatment of meningitis. Inflammation of the meninges

• Abstract: Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis (AMB) is defined as a neurological emergency with high mortality resulting from bacterial infection, resulting in inflammation of the meninges. Due to the intense involvement of the brain parenchyma, the most appropriate term today would be meningoencephalitis. Previously, they predominated in children, but in recent years there has been a reversal of age group, this change is due to the mass vaccination of the pediatric population. Commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%) and Neisseria meningitis (30%), with other strains present in the immunocompromised population such as Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus, including resistant strains and gram-negative bacilli. As an entry mechanism they commonly colonize the nasopharynx and reach the central nervous system (CNS) through the bloodstream, some bacteria have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Contiguity infections may occur in patients who already have otitis, mastoiditis and sinusitis. This invasion occurs from defects in the dura mater. The diagnosis is made through physical examination and confirmed with a diagnostic lumbar puncture, which involves studying the cerebrospinal fluid, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood culture and, if there are skin lesions, a biopsy of the injured area. As it is a neuroinfectious emergency, it must be treated immediately. If MBA is suspected, an initial dose of antibiotics should be administered, although altering the sensitivity of diagnostic methods considerably reduces the morbidity and mortality of the disease. When talking about empirical treatment, it represents the use of Ampicillin and Ceftriaxone for children under 3 months and for those over 50 years old, for patients between 3 months and 50 years old, only Ceftriaxone is used, for regions that present more than 2% of resistance to pneumococcus to Penicillin can add Vancomycin to the treatment. Objective: The present study aims to review bacterial meningitis and how the behavior of this pathology is described in recent studies. Method: Review of electronic literature with a qualitative approach, carried out on Health Research platforms, selecting databases Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), use of the descriptor in DeCS bacterial meningitis, were researched 12 articles, of which 8 were used, excluding inconclusive and incomplete studies. Conclusion: A good prognosis is based on early diagnosis and treatment and, consequently, control of the disease as a whole, from its etiologies to its treatment. Preventive measures such as the use of vaccines and chemoprophylaxis are important instruments in controlling this disease and its sequelae.