Melhoramento de Plantas - Uma Revisão
Melhoramento de Plantas - Uma Revisão
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.798112521036
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Palavras-chave: Palavras-chaves: Melhoramento de Plantas; Genética; Seleção
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Keywords: Plant Breeding; Genetics; Selection
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Abstract: This e-book, titled "Plant Breeding", offers a comprehensive journey through the fundamental principles and methods used for genetically improving agricultural crops. Starting with the crucial selection of parents, the text explores the criteria guiding the choice of reproducers, such as phenotypic performance, genetic value (GV), and heritability. It covers classic selection methods like mass selection, pedigree selection, and family-based selection, and delves into modern approaches of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS), which have revolutionized breeding precision and speed.The e-book details hybridization processes, essential for creating the necessary genetic variability. It presents methods for managing segregating populations, such as the Bulk method, the pedigree method, and the Single Seed Descent (SSD) method, each with its advantages and disadvantages for different breeding contexts.A dedicated chapter on the backcross method explains how one or a few desirable traits can be transferred from a donor parent to an elite cultivar, discussing the nuances of transferring dominant and recessive alleles and the optimization of this process with MAS.Finally, the e-book delves into allogamous populations, clarifying their structure, the importance of heterozygosity, and continuous variability. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is presented as a conceptual tool for understanding the dynamics of allele and genotype frequencies. The vital relationship between inbreeding and heterosis (hybrid vigor) is detailed, explaining how inbreeding, by increasing homozygosity, can lead to inbreeding depression, while heterosis, resulting from crossing distinct lines, is exploited in the production of high-yielding hybrids.
- CHARLYS SEIXAS MAIA DORNELAS