MANEJO DO TRAUMA ABDOMINAL PENETRANTE: ABORDAGENS CIRÚRGICAS E NÃO OPERATÓRIAS — UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
MANEJO DO TRAUMA ABDOMINAL PENETRANTE: ABORDAGENS CIRÚRGICAS E NÃO OPERATÓRIAS — UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.554132611058
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Palavras-chave: Trauma abdominal penetrante. Manejo não operatório. Laparotomia. Laparoscopia. Cirurgia de controle de danos.
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Keywords: Penetrating abdominal trauma. Nonoperative management. Laparotomy. Laparoscopy. Damage control surgery.
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Abstract: Penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT) is one of the most complex and lethal surgical emergencies, particularly in countries marked by urban violence such as Brazil. Over recent decades, its management has shifted from mandatory exploratory laparotomy to a selective approach guided by precise clinical and radiological criteria. Understanding the rationale, indications, and limitations of each therapeutic strategy is essential for every surgeon working on the front line of trauma care. The study aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence on management strategies for PAT, comparing operative and non-operative approaches, with emphasis on indication criteria, clinical outcomes, and contemporary trends. An integrative literature review was conducted with systematic search in PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases using DeCS/MeSH descriptors, covering January 2020 to April 2025, following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Of 395 articles identified, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Selective non-operative management (SNOM) proved safe in stable patients, with failure rates between 9.3% and 20.8%. Laparoscopy demonstrated superiority over laparotomy in postoperative outcomes. Damage control surgery remains irreplaceable in critically ill patients. Computed tomography and FAST ultrasound are consolidated as essential pillars of triage and risk stratification. Contemporary PAT management is selective, individualized, and grounded in objective clinical-radiological criteria. In Brazil, protocol standardization, qualified surgical training, and national scientific production are urgencies that stand alongside the urgencies of the operating room.
- Raphael Garrit
- Raphael Costa Garrit
- Marcio Alexandre Terra Passos