LEVANTAMENTO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS PRINCIPAIS LESÕES E MANEJO CLÍNICO DE NEONATOS COM TOXOPLASMOSE CONGÊNITA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
LEVANTAMENTO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS PRINCIPAIS LESÕES E MANEJO CLÍNICO DE NEONATOS COM TOXOPLASMOSE CONGÊNITA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5241125050311
Palavras-chave: toxoplasmse congênita; gestação; Toxoplasma gondii
Keywords: congenital toxoplasmosis, pregnancy; Toxoplasma gondii
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasmosis is a disease that can be asymptomatic in immunocompetent people, but presents many complications and morbidities in fetuses and newborns, and these lesions can present from intrauterine or until adulthood. Its recent introduction of the heel prick test represents its epidemiological importance in child health, but there is still a lack of structuring and dissemination of knowledge about management. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology and main lesions resulting from congenital toxoplasmosis, in addition to the management of these patients and the possibility of maternal reinfection. RESULTS: Epidemiological data show a predominance in the Southeast and Northeast regions, and a discrepancy in the proportion of congenital and gestational toxoplasmosis in the Central-West region. Regarding clinical manifestations, there is no characteristic lesion and 85% may be born asymptomatic, however almost 80% of infected and untreated newborns may develop visual changes at some point in their lives. Therefore, appropriate management and treatment are essential to reduce sequelae in the child's development. All pregnant women must be advised on prevention, as transmission can occur through primary infections, reactivations and reinfections with different strains. Brazil and South America in general have more virulent and pathogenic variants, which makes prevention even more essential. CONCLUSION: Congenital toxoplasmosis is a disease of great national repercussion, but there is still a lack of studies to provide epidemiological clarification. Despite not presenting characteristic manifestations, the most prevalent are ocular and neurological changes. Identification of the infection, its management and correct treatment when carried out early can significantly reduce sequelae in newborns.
- Mariana de Moura Lopes
- Mariana Bodini Angeloni