IODINE METABOLISM IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.946112621018

• Palavras-chave: absorção, metabolismo, microminerais, suínos, aves, ruminantes.

• Keywords: Absorption, metabolism, microminerals, swine, poultry, ruminants.

• Abstract: The present article aimed to understand the mechanisms of iodine absorption and metabolism in ruminant and non-ruminant animals, as well as to investigate the consequences of deficiency or excess of this micromineral in the animal organism. The article addresses the classification of minerals into macro- and microminerals, highlighting their essential functions in animal diets. Macrominerals, required in larger amounts, include sulfur, potassium, and calcium, whereas microminerals, such as iron, copper, and iodine, are required in smaller quantities but are equally vital. Iodine is considered a crucial micromineral for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and its absorption and metabolism differ between ruminants and non-ruminants. In non-ruminants, iodine is absorbed in the small intestine, whereas in ruminants, absorption occurs in the rumen and omasum, with a recycling process taking place in the abomasum. Iodine deficiency can lead to severe disorders such as goiter, while excess intake may result in toxicity. The article emphasizes the importance of proper iodine supplementation in animal diets to prevent deficiencies and to maintain animal health.