INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E ROBÓTICA NO SÉCULO XXI: AVANÇOS, DESAFIOS E NOVAS FRONTEIRAS
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E ROBÓTICA NO SÉCULO XXI: AVANÇOS, DESAFIOS E NOVAS FRONTEIRAS
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.939112621012
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Palavras-chave: Inteligência artificial; robótica autônoma; robótica cognitiva; aprendizado por reforço; robótica bioinspirada.
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Keywords: Artificial intelligence; autonomous robotics; cognitive robotics; reinforcement learning; bio-inspired robotics.
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Abstract: The recent evolution of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics has led to a significant transformation in how robotic systems are designed, trained, and deployed. While in the early decades of modern robotics, rigid industrial systems based on classical control and structured environments predominated, advances in deep learning, reinforcement learning, and multimodal sensing have enabled the development of more autonomous and adaptive robots capable of operating in complex, dynamic environments. These advances have significantly expanded the scope of robotics applications, including smart manufacturing, mobile robotics, autonomous drones, bio-inspired systems, and humanoid platforms, consolidating robotics as a strategic interdisciplinary field within the contemporary technological landscape. As a scientific contribution, this study presents a comparative analysis of the technological evolution of robotics from the early 2000s to the current scenario, highlighting the transition from paradigms based on symbolic artificial intelligence to approaches grounded in machine learning and embodied artificial intelligence. The integration of diverse research domains such as industrial robotics, mobile robotics, bio-inspired robotics, humanoid systems, and cognitive architectures provides a structured overview of the main scientific and technological trends shaping robotics in the 21st century. Finally, future research is expected to focus on integrating multimodal artificial intelligence, continual learning, foundation models for robotics, and cooperative robotic systems. This technological convergence may enable the development of more generalist robotic systems capable of learning new tasks, adapting to dynamic environments, and interacting safely and efficiently with humans, thereby significantly expanding robotics' impact across industrial, urban, scientific, and educational sectors.
- Marcio Mendonca
- Vitor Blanc Milani
- Cintya Wedderhoff Machado
- Francisco de Assis Scannavino Junior
- Armando Paulo da Silva
- Fabio Rodrigo Milanez
- Tatiane Monteiro Pereira
- Juliana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro
- Adriano da Silva Moreira
- Paulo Alexandre Lourenço Jesus
- Marcos Dantas de Oliveira
- Luiz Francisco Sanches Buzzacchero
- Andressa Haiduk
- Vera Adriana Huang Azevedo Hypólito
- Emerson Ravazzi Pires da Silva
- Keila Felipe do Carmo de Lima
- Vicente de Lima Gongora
- Elisângela Santos Romano
- Kazuyochi Ota Junior
- Norwin Porfirio Carrasquel Poturo
- Ana Clara Augusto Jesus