Injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI) como técnica revolucionária na reprodução assistida

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.658152520053

• Palavras-chave: Infertilidade masculina; ICSI (Injeção Intracitoplasmática de Espermatozoides); Reprodução assistida; Espermatogênese.

• Keywords: Male infertility; ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection); Assisted reproduction; Spermatogenesis.

• Abstract: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) has revolutionized the field of assisted reproduction by providing an effective solution for male infertility, particularly in severe cases such as azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia. This article presents a narrative review that examines the impact of ICSI in overcoming biological barriers to fertilization, discussing its clinical indications, efficacy, biological implications, limitations, and ethical challenges. The technique has enabled significantly higher fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates compared to conventional methods, offering hope to couples who were previously considered to have no therapeutic alternatives. However, concerns related to the use of gametes with compromised quality, potential effects on offspring health, and inequalities in access to treatment raise issues that require ongoing attention. The study also highlights recent advances, such as sperm selection based on artificial intelligence and the integration of molecular methods to enhance clinical outcomes, while pointing to the need for greater regulation and equitable access. ICSI has established itself as a landmark in reproductive medicine, although ethical and technical challenges remain, underscoring the importance of longitudinal research and integrated approaches for its future development.