INFLUENZA AVIÁRIA EM CRIAÇÕES DE SUBSISTÊNCIA: RISCOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS, MEDIDAS DE PREVENÇÃO E DESAFIOS NO CONTEXTO DA SAÚDE ÚNICA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8351525120613

• Palavras-chave: influenza aviária; aves de subsistência; biosseguridade; vigilância sanitária; saúde única.

• Keywords: avian influenza; subsistence poultry; biosecurity; sanitary surveillance; One Health.

• Abstract: Avian influenza (AI) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild birds, with potential impacts on public health, the economy, and food security. In Brazil, despite the sanitary status of being free from highly pathogenic avian influenza in commercial flocks, subsistence poultry farming represents a critical point of vulnerability. These small-scale systems are characterized by low levels of technology, lack of sanitary barriers, deficient management practices, and direct contact between domestic birds, wildlife, and humans. This scenario favors the spread of viral strains and hinders the implementation of conventional control measures. This review aims to describe the etiological and epidemiological aspects of influenza A virus, discuss the risk factors associated with backyard and family-based poultry production, present biosecurity measures adapted to rural contexts, and highlight the role of participatory surveillance and health education in disease prevention. Current public policies in Brazil are also addressed, including the actions of the National Poultry Health Program (PNSA) and the role of the Secretariat of Agricultural Defense (SDA) in responding to emerging outbreaks. The discussion is framed within the One Health concept, emphasizing the need for intersectoral action in the prevention and control of AI in rural environments.