Implementação de Sistemas Descentralizados de Esgotamento Sanitário com Tecnologias Baseadas na Natureza: Vantagens e Desafios em Zonas Rurais, Favelas e Comunidades Urbanas

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.6472417104

• Palavras-chave: Soluções Baseadas na Natureza. Saneamento básico. Serviço de esgotamento sanitário. Sistemas individuais e descentralizados de Esgotamento. Favelas e comunidades urbanas.

• Keywords: Nature-Based Solutions. Basic Sanitation. Sanitation Services. Individual and Decentralized Sanitation Systems. Slums and Urban Communities.

• Abstract: There is a growing gap in basic sanitation services in Brazil, highlighting the notable inequality in access to these services, especially in underprivileged areas. According to the 2022 Demographic Census, nearly 50 million Brazilians live in households that rely on precarious sanitation resources. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) present an effective means to address sanitation issues in rural areas, slums, and urban communities, employing natural processes to resolve problems where traditional solutions are often unfeasible. This study aims to present 16 decentralized individual sanitation systems as alternatives to help address the lack of basic sanitation and demonstrate the advantages of implementing these NBS for sanitation in rural areas, slums, and urban communities. These solutions can meet sanitation needs sustainably by using natural processes and local technological resources, while respecting ecological cycles and promoting environmental, social, and economic benefits. We adopted a Critical Analysis approach, based on a literature review of works and research related to the field of study. Funasa (2015), Tonetti et al. (2018), and Vieira (2020) present NBS with decentralized individual sanitation solutions. This approach allows us to identify patterns, benefits, and limitations of these solutions. This work contributes to understanding the relevance of these alternatives in promoting health, mitigating social inequalities, and achieving sustainable sanitation.