GERAÇÃO ELÉTRICA SUSTENTÁVEL NO BRASIL: INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE ENERGIA SOLAR, BIOMETANO E GÁS NATURAL NO CONTEXTO DE CIDADES INTELIGENTES

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.434112608041

• Palavras-chave: transição energética; energia solar fotovoltaica; biometano; cidades inteligentes; segurança energética; sustentabilidade urbana;

• Keywords: energy transition; solar photovoltaic energy; biomethane; smart cities; energy security; urban sustainability,

• Abstract: The transition toward sustainable electricity generation in Brazil is a strategic requirement that extends beyond emissions reduction to include energy security, systemic resilience, and the modernization of urban infrastructure. Although the country has one of the most renewable electricity matrices in the world, its historical dependence on hydropower still exposes the system to prolonged droughts, hydrological instability, and extreme climate events, a challenge exacerbated by climate change. In this context, the discussion of smart cities becomes particularly relevant, as these territories demand integrated solutions that prioritize efficiency, data governance, interoperability, and sustainability. Thus, this article analyses sustainable electricity generation in Brazil by articulating the conceptual foundations of smart cities, the need to diversify the electricity matrix, and the integration of solar photovoltaic energy, biogas, biomethane, and natural gas. It is argued that the convergence of these energy sources and infrastructures promotes greater operational flexibility, waste valorisations, decentralized generation, and stronger urban resilience through mechanisms such as sector coupling and multi-energy systems. It is concluded that integrating solar energy, biomethane, and natural gas within the framework of smart cities, supported by normative references and urban indicators, represents a technically consistent and economically viable alternative for advancing more sustainable, intelligent, and adaptable energy systems in Brazil.