FATORES DE RISCO E PREVENÇÃO DE INFECÇÕES RELACIONADAS À CIRCULAÇÃO EXTRACORPÓREA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
FATORES DE RISCO E PREVENÇÃO DE INFECÇÕES RELACIONADAS À CIRCULAÇÃO EXTRACORPÓREA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.6732411042
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Palavras-chave: Circulação extracorpórea; cirurgia cardíaca; infecção; fatores de risco
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Keywords: Extracorporeal circulation; Cardiac surgery; infection; risk factors
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Abstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases comprise a group of conditions of the heart and blood vessels and represent the main cause of death in the world. In most cases, cardiovascular problems can be mitigated or reversed with lifestyle changes, but sometimes surgical interventions may be necessary. Many of the advances in cardiac surgery were made possible thanks to the development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a technique improved in the 1950s and which continues to be used today. In short, CPB temporarily replaces the heart pump and lung ventilation functions while these organs are excluded from circulation during the surgical event. Like all invasive procedures, CPB also poses risks to the patients they undergo, with surgical site infection being one of the main postoperative complications. HAIs (Health Care-Associated Infections) represent one of the most frequent adverse events associated with healthcare and a serious public health problem, as they increase morbidity, mortality and related costs. In Brazil, it is estimated that the HAI development rate is around 6%, triple the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerance percentage. A patient who develops infections can generate expenses up to three times greater than the cost of a patient without a hospital infection. Thus, this research aimed to identify risk factors and establish strategies for preventing infections specifically related to cardiopulmonary bypass. Methodology: This is an Integrative Literature Review (RIL), based on studies published in electronic databases on the object of this research. Results: 461 articles were found, of which, after analyzing the title and abstract, 26 were selected to compose this review. Conclusion: Despite the importance of CPB for cardiac surgeries, its use represents a series of risks for patients undergoing this technology. Therefore, the importance of the professional qualification of the perfusionist stands out, as it can help monitor and intervene in a timely manner in the risk factors for infection related to extracorporeal circulation.
- Rozielma de Abreu Moreira
- Gláucia Cristina Andrade Vieira
- Ruth Francisca Freitas de Souza
- Roberta Pereira Coutinho
- Iuri Bastos Pereira