Evolução das abordagens terapêuticas na fístula anal criptoglandular: da cirurgia clássica às técnicas minimamente invasivas
Evolução das abordagens terapêuticas na fístula anal criptoglandular: da cirurgia clássica às técnicas minimamente invasivas
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.16125161014
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Palavras-chave: Fístula anal; Tratamento conservador; Cirurgia colorretal; LIFT; Retalho endorretal; Células-tronco.
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Keywords: Anal fistula; Conservative treatment; Colorectal surgery; LIFT; Endorectal advancement flap; Stem cells.
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Abstract: Introduction: Cryptoglandular anal fistula is a chronic inflammatory condition that significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. The ideal treatment must balance complete eradication of the fistulous tract with preservation of fecal continence. Despite the variety of available techniques, there is still no consensus regarding the best therapeutic approach. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of surgical and conservative approaches in the management of cryptoglandular anal fistula, identifying current trends and therapeutic perspectives. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted through PubMed, Scielo, and ScienceDirect, including studies published between 2015 and 2025. The descriptors “anal fistula”, “cryptoglandular”, “surgical management”, and “conservative treatment” were used. Seven original studies were included, comparing healing rates, recurrence, and continence outcomes among different treatment modalities. Results: Surgical techniques such as LIFT and endorectal advancement flap achieved healing rates between 70% and 90%, with low incontinence rates. Conservative and regenerative therapies, including biological plugs, laser, and stem cell therapy, showed encouraging results for simple and recurrent fistulas, with good functional preservation but higher recurrence rates. Methodological heterogeneity across studies limited direct comparison. Conclusion: Management of cryptoglandular anal fistula should be individualized, considering anatomical complexity and functional risk. Surgical approaches remain the gold standard, but conservative methods are a viable alternative in selected cases. The future of treatment lies in the integration of selective surgical and regenerative strategies, aiming for high cure rates with minimal functional impairment.
- Tallitha Grawnth Santos Vidal
- Janaína Santos de Araújo
- Letícia Ribeiro Cardoso
- Fábio do Couto Bandeira
- Guilherme Pereira Matias
- Gabriella Salomão de Paula
- Thaís Cunha Aguiar Gomes
- Júlia Fonseca Carneiro
- Huri Emanuel Melo e Silva
- Maria Eduarda Caetano Luz