ESTUDO ARQUEOMÉTRICO DA ARTE RUPESTRE E DOS DEPÓSITOS DE ALTERAÇÃO NO SÍTIO FURNA DOS ÍNDIOS (PI, BRASIL) POR P-ED-XRF E ANÁLISE DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPAIS (PCA)
ESTUDO ARQUEOMÉTRICO DA ARTE RUPESTRE E DOS DEPÓSITOS DE ALTERAÇÃO NO SÍTIO FURNA DOS ÍNDIOS (PI, BRASIL) POR P-ED-XRF E ANÁLISE DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPAIS (PCA)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.073112616015
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Palavras-chave: Arte rupestre. Arqueometria. Fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia. Micrografias. Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA).
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Keywords: Rock art; Archaeometry; Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (pED-XRF); Micrographs; Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
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Abstract: Archaeometry is a science that studies, through physicochemical techniques, vestiges left at archaeological sites, such as rock art, as well as the conservation issues that affect them. The objective of this research is to conduct an archaeometric study of rock art and degradation processes at the Furna dos Índios Archaeological Site, located in Inhuma, Piauí, Brazil. To this end, the following steps were carried out: photographic documentation of the paintings and their conservation issues; color identification of pigments using the Munsell system; acquisition of micrographs using a portable optical microscope; in situ chemical characterization by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (p-ED-XRF); and statistical data treatment using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study revealed several conservation problems, such as animal droppings and salt efflorescence, as well as micrographs indicating different paint application techniques (liquid and pasty). A similar chemical composition among the pigments was also observed, with a notable analytical signal of iron (Fe) in one of the samples. PCA provided relevant information regarding the temporality and application technologies of the rock art paints. These results are essential for fields dedicated to the study of archaeological vestiges.
- Joyciane Reis Silva
- Andreia Cristine de Sousa Silva
- Tetisuelma Leal Alves
- Anna Luiza Bizerra de Brito
- Juliana Beatriz Sousa
- Jacira Izidorio de Moura
- Benedito Batista Farias Filho
- Wilkins Oliveira de Barros